25 / 06 / 15

20250615-经济学人知识点总结

文章出处:https://www.economist.com/china/2025/06/11/chinas-booze-business-looks-smashed

1. spirits的多种用法,为什么可以指代白酒

  • 词义

    • Spirits指烈酒(高酒精度的蒸馏酒,如威士忌、白兰地、伏特加等),区别于啤酒或葡萄酒等发酵酒。

    • 也可指“精神、情绪”(如high spirits表示兴高采烈)。

    • 还有“灵魂、鬼魂”之意(如evil spirits)。

  • 指代白酒原因:白酒(如茅台)是高酒精度的蒸馏酒,符合spirits的定义。文章中用spirits指代茅台,强调其烈性与高端定位。

  • 例句:Kweichow Moutai is a leading brand in Chinese spirits.

2. fiery sorghum-based (in “a fiery sorghum-based liquor”)

  • fiery:形容“火辣的、烈性的”,指白酒入口如火烧般的强烈口感。

  • sorghum-based:以高粱为主要原料。高粱(sorghum)是一种谷物,常用于酿造中国白酒。

  • 语境:描述茅台白酒的烈性和原料,突出其独特风味。

3. vow

  • 词义:郑重承诺、誓言(动词或名词),常用于严肃场合。

  • 语境:Inspectors vowed zero tolerance意为检查员郑重承诺对违规行为“零容忍”。

  • 例句:She vowed to never drink again.

4. booze

  • 词义:俚语,指酒精饮料(尤指烈酒),语气随意。

  • 语境:China’s appetite for booze指中国对酒类消费的巨大需求。

  • 例句:He spent the night boozing with friends.

5. prodigious

  • 词义:巨大的、惊人的,常形容数量或程度。

  • 语境:China’s prodigious appetite for booze指中国对酒的惊人消费量。

  • 例句:Her prodigious talent amazed everyone.

6. cemented

  • 词义:巩固、加强(抽象意义,如关系、交易等)。

  • 语境:Cemented deals over baijiu-fuelled banquets指通过白酒宴会巩固商业交易。

  • 例句:Their friendship was cemented by shared experiences.

7. urbanites

  • 词义:城市居民,尤指注重生活方式的都市人。

  • 语境:Middle-class urbanites指中产阶级城市居民,强调其消费能力。

  • 例句:Urbanites prefer trendy cafes over traditional bars.

8. reveller

  • 词义:狂欢者、寻欢作乐的人。

  • 语境:Revellers bought giant pyramids of beer bottles指在KTV狂欢的人购买大量啤酒。

  • 例句:The revellers danced until dawn.

9. giant pyramids of beer bottles

  • 词义:形容啤酒瓶堆叠成金字塔状的壮观景象,常見于中国KTV或酒吧的消费文化。

  • 语境:突出狂欢场景的夸张与奢华。

  • 例句:The table was covered with a pyramid of empty beer bottles.

10. cocktail of factors

  • 词义:多种因素的混合,cocktail原指鸡尾酒,引申为“混合物”。

  • 语境:A cocktail of factors dragging down alcohol consumption指多种原因导致酒类消费下降。

  • 例句:A cocktail of economic issues caused the downturn.

11. dragging down

  • 词义:拖累、拉低。

  • 语境:Factors dragging down alcohol consumption指导致酒类消费下降的因素。

  • 例句:High taxes are dragging down profits.

12. to the end of the night

  • 词义:持续到深夜,隐喻坚持到最后。

  • 语境:Will they make it to the end of the night? 意指酒企能否撑过难关。

  • 例句:The party lasted to the end of the night.

13. necked

  • 词义:俚语,快速喝下(酒)。

  • 语境:China necked around a fifth of all the world’s alcohol指中国消费了全球五分之一的酒。

  • 例句:He necked a beer in seconds.

14. pavement pizza

  • 词义:俚语,形容醉酒后在路边呕吐的景象,幽默且形象。

  • 语境:Grimmer than a pavement pizza形容酒类市场前景比醉吐还糟。

  • 例句:After the party, the street was littered with pavement pizzas.

15. tipple

  • 词义:酒精饮料(尤指常喝的酒),语气轻松。

  • 语境:Baijiu, the country’s preferred tipple指白酒是中国人喜爱的酒。

  • 例句:Whisky is his favorite tipple.

16. boozy

  • 词义:醉酒的、充满酒精的,形容与酒有关的场景或文化。

  • 语境:Boozy workplace culture指要求员工陪酒的职场文化。

  • 例句:They had a boozy night out.

17. detailing

  • 词义:详细说明、阐述。

  • 语境:A training session detailing why they needed to cut down on drinking指详细解释为何要减少饮酒的培训。

  • 例句:The report details the project’s progress.

18. stamping out

  • 词义:消灭、根除(不良行为)。

  • 语境:Stamping out excessive drinking指根除过度饮酒行为。

  • 例句:The government is stamping out corruption.

19. in droves

  • 词义:成群地、大量地。

  • 语境:Karaoke clubs closed in droves指KTV大量关闭。

  • 例句:Tourists arrived in droves.

20. plummet

  • 词义:骤降、暴跌。

  • 语境:Consumer spending to plummet指消费支出大幅下降。

  • 例句:Stock prices plummeted overnight.

21. slapped on

  • 词义:随意贴上(标签、关税等)。

  • 语境:Labels slapped on Chinese liquor指随意贴在白酒上的健康标签。

  • 例句:They slapped a fine on the company.

22. vices

  • 词义:恶习、嗜好(通常指不良习惯)。

  • 语境:Youngsters have their own vices指年轻人有自己的嗜好(如咖啡)。

  • 例句:Smoking is one of his vices.

23. pork-flavoured lattes

  • 词义:猪肉味拿铁,一种新奇的咖啡饮品,反映中国咖啡连锁店的创新尝试。

  • 语境:突出年轻人追求新奇口味的趋势。

  • 例句:The café launched pork-flavoured lattes to attract customers.

24. oolong teapuccinos

  • 词义:乌龙茶拿铁,一种结合乌龙茶和咖啡的创意饮品。

  • 语境:与pork-flavoured lattes类似,体现年轻人对新奇饮品的兴趣。

  • 例句:Oolong teapuccinos are popular among urban youth.

25. the highs craved

  • 词义:渴望的“快感”或兴奋感,high指兴奋状态。

  • 语境:The highs craved by today’s young are caffeine- and sugar-based指年轻人追求咖啡因和糖带来的兴奋。

  • 例句:She craves the high of adventure.

26. get ahead

  • 词义:取得成功、领先。

  • 语境:Down shots to get ahead指通过陪酒在职场中获得晋升。

  • 例句:Hard work helped her get ahead in her career.

27. off-licence

  • 词义:英国用语,指允许外带酒类的零售店(类似中国的酒水店)。

  • 语境:Ren Lidong runs an off-licence指他经营一家酒水店。

  • 例句:I bought a bottle of wine from the off-licence.

28. scornful

  • 词义:轻蔑的、鄙视的。

  • 语境:Ren Lidong is scornful of older Chinese drinking habits指他对老一代饮酒方式的鄙视。

  • 例句:She gave a scornful laugh at his suggestion.

29. slapped

  • 词义:此处指突然施加(关税等)。

  • 语境:China slapped tariffs on Australian wine指中国对澳洲葡萄酒加征关税。

  • 例句:The government slapped a tax on luxury goods.

30. tumble

  • 词义:骤降、下跌(尤指数量或价格)。

  • 语境:Australian wine imports tumble指进口量暴跌。

  • 例句:Sales tumbled after the scandal.

31. cognac

  • 词义:干邑,一种产自法国的高级白兰地。

  • 语境:China raised levies on French cognac指中国对干邑加征关税。

  • 例句:He sipped a glass of fine cognac.

32. Rémy Cointreau and Pernod Ricard

  • 词义:两家法国知名酒类公司,Rémy Cointreau以生产干邑(如人头马)闻名,Pernod Ricard生产多种烈酒(如芝华士)。

  • 语境:这两家公司因中国对干邑加税而受影响。

  • 例句:Pernod Ricard’s brands dominate the spirits market.

33. Bud APAC, the listed Asian subsidiary of the world’s biggest brewer, AB InBev

  • 词义:Bud APAC是百威亚太,AB InBev(安海斯-布希英博)的亚洲子公司,AB InBev是全球最大啤酒酿造商。

  • 语境:Bud APAC通过低价品牌应对中国市场挑战。

  • 例句:Bud APAC’s shares rose after a strong quarter.

34. Bottle Planet

  • 词义:重庆的一家酒类生产商,专注于创新酒类产品。

  • 语境:Bottle Planet推出低度梅酒,目标年轻女性市场。

  • 例句:Bottle Planet’s plum wine is a hit among millennials.

35. plum wine

  • 词义:梅酒,以梅子为原料酿制的低度果酒,口感甜美。

  • 语境:Bottle Planet的梅酒吸引年轻女性消费者。

  • 例句:Plum wine pairs well with desserts.

36. tempt

  • 词义:吸引、诱惑。

  • 语境:Plum wine to tempt young women指梅酒吸引年轻女性。

  • 例句:The sale tempted her to buy more.

37. fusty

  • 词义:陈旧的、老套的,带有贬义。

  • 语境:Kweichow Moutai shakes its fusty image指茅台试图摆脱老气形象。

  • 例句:The fusty traditions were replaced with modern practices.

38. shrivelled

  • 词义:萎缩、收缩,形容市场或需求大幅减少。

  • 语境:China’s shrivelled alcohol market指中国萎缩的酒类市场。

  • 例句:The company’s profits shrivelled due to low demand.